| JAPANESE ENCEPHALITIS |
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Japanese Encephalitis Vectors in India
- Japanese encephalitis virus isolation has been made from a variety of mosquito species.
- Culicine mosquitoes mainly Culex vishnui group (Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Culex vishnui and Culex pseudovishnui) are the chief vectors of JE in different parts of India.
| Sl. No. |
Species |
No. of Isolations |
State* |
| 1 |
Cx. tritaeniorhynchus |
79 |
TN, KA, KL |
| 2 |
Cx. vishnui |
30 |
TN, KA, WB |
| 3 |
Cx. pseudovishnui |
8 |
KA, GOA |
| 4 |
Cx. bitaeniorhynchus |
3 |
KA, WB |
| 5 |
Cx. epidesmus |
1 |
WB |
| 6 |
Cx. fuscocephala |
7 |
TN, KA |
| 7 |
Cx. gelidus |
8 |
TN, KA |
| 8 |
Cx. quinquefasciatus |
1 |
KA |
| 9 |
Cx. whitmorei |
4 |
TN, KA, AP, WB |
| 10 |
An. barbirostris |
1 |
WB |
| 11 |
An. paeditaeniatus |
1 |
KA |
| 12 |
An. subpictus |
9 |
TN, KA, KL |
| 13 |
Ma. annulifera |
2 |
KL, ASSAM |
| 14 |
Ma. indiana |
3 |
KL |
| 15 |
Ma. uniformis |
4 |
KA, KL |
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* AP= Andhra Pradesh; TN= Tamil Nadu; KA= Karnataka; KL= Kerala; WB= West Bengal |
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- Life cycle consists of egg, four instars of larvae, pupa and adult. The whole cycle takes more than a month, however, duration depends on temperature and other ecological conditions.
- Culex vishnui subgroup is very common, widespread and breed in water with luxuriant vegetation mainly in paddy fields and the abundance is related to rice cultivation, shallow ditches and pools.
- These vectors are primarily outdoor resting in vegetation and other shaded places but in summer may also rest in indoors.
- They are in principally cattle feeders, though human and pig feeding are also recorded in some areas.
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